Skrining Fitokimia, Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Karakterisasi FTIR Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52622/jisk.v6i3.02Kata Kunci:
Nephelium lappaceum, skrining fitokimia, TLC, FTIR, ekstrak etanolAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Daun rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) berpotensi sebagai sumber metabolit sekunder bioaktif, namun data dasar mengenai profil kimia awal dan fitur gugus fungsionalnya masih terbatas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) menyeleksi konstituen fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun rambutan, (ii) memverifikasi kelas metabolit utama menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (TLC), dan (iii) mengkarakterisasi gugus fungsional dominan dengan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Metode: Daun rambutan kering yang dikumpulkan dari Kabupaten Langkat dan Kota Binjai diekstraksi dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% (1:10; 3×24 jam), diikuti dengan remaserasi (1×24 jam). Filtrat dipekatkan pada suhu 58 °C. Uji kualitatif dilakukan untuk alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Analisis TLC menggunakan pelat silika gel 60 F254 dengan fase gerak spesifik kelas, sedangkan spektrum FTIR direkam dalam rentang 4000–600 cm⁻¹. Hasil: Hasil ekstrak adalah 25,7%. Skrining fitokimia mengkonfirmasi keberadaan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid, dengan nilai Rf TLC masing-masing 0,70 dan 0,46 (alkaloid), 0,80 (flavonoid), 0,70 (tanin), dan 0,50 (steroid). Pita FTIR pada 3365 cm⁻¹ (O–H), 3010 cm⁻¹ (C–H aromatik), 1629 cm⁻¹ (C=C), dan 1048 cm⁻¹ (C–O) menunjukkan metabolit sekunder teroksigenasi, khususnya senyawa yang berhubungan dengan fenolik. Kesimpulan: Pendekatan skrining fitokimia terintegrasi, TLC, dan FTIR memberikan dasar kimia yang ringkas untuk ekstrak etanol daun rambutan, mendukung potensi penggunaannya dalam standardisasi lebih lanjut dan studi berbasis penanda.
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