Article Withdrawal

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript prior to acceptance. To maintain editorial integrity and reviewer effort, withdrawal requests must be submitted in writing via the journal system or the official editorial email and should include the reason for withdrawal.

Before peer review starts: withdrawal is permitted at no cost.

During peer review or revision: withdrawal is permitted at no cost; authors must provide written confirmation and a reason.

After acceptance: withdrawal is only granted under exceptional circumstances (ethical concerns, duplication, or substantial errors) and is subject to editorial approval.

The journal does not impose any mandatory withdrawal fees.